Background information
When providing information to applicants, the topic of mental health is often linked to broader discussions on access to healthcare.
The reception conditions directive (2013/33/EU), (RCD (recast)), recognises that vulnerable individuals include, among others, those with mental disorders and those who have experienced serious forms of violence, such as torture or sexual violence. (Article 21 RCD (recast)). It underscores the importance of addressing mental health needs to ensure the well-being and protection of applicants. Member States should inform applicants about their rights and the legal framework governing reception conditions, which may encompass access to mental health support services. Moreover, the RCD emphasises the primary concern for the health, including mental health, of vulnerable applicants in detention, possibly extending to those placed in closed areas within reception facilities (Article 11(1) RCD (recast)).
The EASO Guidance on Reception Conditions – Operational standards and indicators, 2016, underlines the vital role that communication plays in applicants' mental health. Effective communication, including interaction with reception authorities, NGOs, and family members, contributes to positive mental well-being during the asylum procedure (Chapter 1.8).
Furthermore, the EASO Guidance on Reception Conditions for Unaccompanied Children – Operational standards and indicators, 2018, stresses the importance of mental healthcare for this particular vulnerable group. It recommends that Member States develop and implement Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support to ensure the well-being of unaccompanied children. (Standard 30)
The 2023 European Commission Communication on a comprehensive approach to mental health highlights that ‘Young people are increasingly dealing with anxiety, sadness or fear, self-harm, low self-esteem, bullying and eating disorders. Forcibly displaced and migrant children […] are particularly at risk.’
EASO’s Consultations with applicants for international protection on mental health, 2021, highlights how some reception related measures, such as giving residents the opportunity to personalise their living spaces might provide a sense of safety and belonging (p. 43). If available, information on such opportunities, should be provided to applicants.
Information provision messages
Promoting awareness and understanding of mental health issues among applicants in reception is essential, as it directly affects their overall well-being and ability to adapt to their new environment and navigate the asylum process effectively. Comprehensive information on mental health resources and support services not only helps to destigmatise mental health concerns but also ensures that applicants have access to the necessary care and assistance to address any challenges they may face during their stay in reception.
Inform applicants on the below.
- What mental health is and what it entails. Describe some mental health conditions, and how they affect people’s well-being.
- The fact that mental health conditions are common, treatable and not indicative of weakness.
- The importance of recognising signs and symptoms of common mental health conditions.
- The high occurrence of mental health conditions, especially among applicants, as they have been exposed to events that affect their mental health, such as displacement, separation, violence, etc.
- Any mental health screenings carried out during their stay in reception, what is their purpose and what they entail.
- The available services in and outside reception, such as psychological and psychiatric services, and the difference between these two services, rehabilitation services for victims of violence and torture, as well as the procedures for accessing them.
- The available support services: interpretation, transportation, peer-support groups, and leisure activities in which they can get involved.
- What they can do in case a family member or a resident who is in their proximity is experiencing a mental health crisis, including available support from reception facility staff, how to access emergency mental health services and eventually crisis hotlines.
- The confidentiality principle and informed consent, ensuring they understand their rights and options regarding mental health care.
Practical tips
- Use simple language and real-life scenarios during information sessions and in drafting the information materials, to enhance applicants' comprehension of the content provided.
- Collaborate with mental health professionals to deliver culturally sensitive information on mental health to applicants, using various formats such as brochures, posters, animations, and group discussions to cater to diverse profiles and special needs. Ensure dedicated information materials and sessions for children, especially unaccompanied children.
- Ensure a safe and secure environment when providing information on mental health to applicants, fostering receptiveness and comfort for discussing sensitive issues.
- Support applicants in overcoming mental health related stigma and disinformation, by helping them recognise their conditions and encouraging them to seek support.
- Consider providing information related to the fact that applicants with untreated mental health conditions might resort to self-harm, addictions (including alcohol and drug use), and risky behaviours.
- Conduct follow-up sessions with applicants to confirm their understanding of the information provided and address any questions or concerns they may have.