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Freedom of movement within the European Union

Background information

In accordance with the qualification directive (2011/95/EU), (QD), the Member States will issue travel documents to both beneficiaries of refugee status (in the form set out in the Schedule to the Geneva Convention) and beneficiaries of subsidiary protection who are unable to obtain a national passport, unless compelling reasons of national security or public order otherwise require (Article 25 QD). 

In accordance with the Schengen Borders Code, beneficiaries of international protection who received a residence permit in a Member State, may stay in another Member State for up to 90 days in an interval of 180 days (Article 6). This only applies to members of the Schengen area which encompasses most EU countries, except Cyprus, and Ireland. Based on specific agreements, the Schengen area also includes Switzerland, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. 

Under the Schengen Implementing Convention (binding and directly applicable EU law), third-country nationals holding valid residence permits and travel documents, including beneficiaries of international protection, have the right to travel in the Schengen area for a maximum intended stay of 90 days in any 180 day period (Article 21).

Information provision messages

Inform beneficiaries of international protection on the below.

  • The obligation of beneficiaries of international protection to reside in the Member State that granted them protection.
  • The rights to and restrictions on freedom of movement within the European Union and specifically within the Schengen area. Include details on the conditions to exercise these rights, such as passport, visa, proof of accommodation and duration of stay requirements.
  • Visa requirements within the European Union, where applicable, especially for beneficiaries of subsidiary protection. 
  • The requirements related to access to basic services while in another Member State, such as healthcare and employment.
  • Any requirements related to reporting to national authorities while outside the country, especially for long-term stays.
  • Possible restrictions on freedom of movement, such as those based on national security, public order or public health. Additionally, explain how these restrictions may affect travel, including additional requirements such as vaccination or proof of accommodation.
  • Any restrictions regarding overstaying outside the Member State that granted them international protection. Additionally, if applicable, provide information on possible sanctions for not complying with this requirement.
  • The right to apply for residence and be admitted as a resident in another Member State according to that Member State's national law, relevant Union law provisions or international agreements.
  • The need to look for up-to-date information on the requirements of the Member State where they intend to travel. They can do so by checking the websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the country that granted them protection, or by requesting such information, preferably in writing, from the diplomatic missions of the respective country of destination.
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Practical tips

  • Provide beneficiaries with access to printed materials (e.g. brochures, posters) as well as videos/animations explaining their right to freedom of movement, including the requirements, potential restrictions, safety and security concerns, and associated obligations in relation to the state that granted them protection.