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Access to the general education system for adults

Background information

The 1951 Refugee Convention mandates that refugees should receive the same treatment as nationals in relation to elementary education. For higher education, refugees should be granted the most favourable treatment possible, typically equivalent to that provided to foreign nationals (Article 22).

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union states that everyone has the right to education and to have access to vocational and continuing training. This right includes the possibility to receive free compulsory education (Article 14, 1-2).  

In accordance with the qualification directive (2011/95/EU), (QD), efforts should be made to address barriers that prevent beneficiaries of international protection from accessing employment-related educational opportunities and vocational training, particularly those related to financial constraints (recital 42 QD). Additionally, Member States must ensure that activities such as employment-related educational opportunities for adults, vocational training, including skill-upgrading courses, practical workplace experience, and counselling services offered by employment offices, are available to beneficiaries of international protection under the same conditions as nationals. Member States should facilitate full access to these activities for beneficiaries of international protection (Article 26( 2) and (3) QD). Furthermore, Member States must allow adults granted international protection access to the general education system, further training, or retraining, under the same conditions as third-country nationals legally residing in the country (Article 27(1) QD).

Information provision messages

Inform beneficiaries of international protection on the below.

  • The right to access the education system for the start or continuation of their education, as well as lifelong learning opportunities.
  • The structure and levels of the educational system (primary, secondary, tertiary, vocational). Additionally, provide general information on the available educational institutions (e.g. public schools, private schools, universities, vocational training centres).
  • The administrative requirements for both educational and vocational training enrolment, including language requirements, costs, and any necessary documentation (e.g. proof of previous education levels).
  • Available vocational training programs and apprenticeships. Include relevant information on the benefits and employment opportunities associated with vocational training.
  • Relevant educational opportunities for employed beneficiaries, such as evening classes, part-time courses, and online learning options.
  • Any available language learning opportunities and the procedures for enrolling in such courses.
  • The integration programmes that combine language learning with vocational training or job placement services.
  • The availability of digital literacy programmes to help adults gain essential computer and internet skills. Additionally, inform about resources for improving digital competence necessary for modern education and employment.
  • Any available financial support options such as grants, scholarships, and loans. Additionally, provide information on eligibility criteria and how to apply for financial assistance.

Additionally, inform parents about available childcare opportunities that would enable them to attend educational courses. Also inform beneficiaries with special needs or in vulnerable situations on the available adapted educational options for them (e.g. special schools, remote learning, transportation).

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Practical tips

  • During the information sessions, provide beneficiaries with real life examples to emphasise the benefits of education and vocational training. 
  • Provide one-on-one counselling or mentorship programmes to guide beneficiaries through the education system.
  • Highlight the possibility for women to participate in education programmes for adults.