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Access to accommodation under conditions equivalent to those applicable to other third-country nationals legally residing in the Member State

Background information

The 1951 Refugee Convention specifically addresses housing, stating that refugees should receive treatment as favourable as possible, and not less favourable than that accorded to aliens generally in the same circumstances (Article 21). 

In the European Union, beneficiaries of international protection should have access to accommodation under conditions equivalent to those of other third-country nationals legally residing in the Member State. This means they should not face discrimination and should have similar opportunities to access public and private housing markets.

The qualification directive (2011/95/EU), (QD),stipulates that Member States must provide beneficiaries of international protection with access to accommodation under conditions equivalent to those of other legally residing third-country nationals (Article 32(1) QD). Although national practices may involve the dispersal of beneficiaries, Member States are required to implement policies that prevent discrimination against these individuals and ensure equal opportunities in accessing accommodation (Article 32(1) QD).

The housing options available for beneficiaries of international protection vary based on national policies and context. In some countries, beneficiaries may continue to reside in reception facilities for a specified time limit and under certain conditions. To support the transition out of these facilities, countries implement various strategies and ensure access to adequate accommodation within host communities. These strategies aim to provide stable and appropriate housing solutions to support in the integration process for beneficiaries of international protection.

Information provision messages

Inform beneficiaries of international protection on the below.

  • The equivalence of conditions for beneficiaries of international protection and other third-country nationals legally residing in the country, regarding accommodation.
  • The right to non-discriminatory access to housing for beneficiaries. Briefly mention key legal aspects that protect against discrimination in regard to accommodation.
  • Their housing options, depending on your national context, including:
    • reception centres and the duration of stay permitted for residents who are beneficiaries of international protection; 
    • temporary housing while seeking permanent solutions (e.g. transitional shelters, host families);
    • social housing;
    • subsidised accommodation;
    • private rental markets;
    • youth and student housing;
    • shelters or housing for vulnerable groups (e.g. families, unaccompanied minors, elderly, and persons with disabilities);
    • emergency accommodation for immediate/urgent need or in case of homelessness.
  • The eligibility criteria for these housing types, such as family composition, age, income and vulnerability status.
  • The required documents for each type of accommodation, such as a residence permit and proof of income.
  • Rent subsidies or housing allowances for beneficiaries of international protection; include information on additional financial support for utilities, furnishing, and/or other housing-related costs.
  • Common challenges faced by beneficiaries regarding accommodation; provide examples of practical solutions or best practices.
  • Available support services, including governmental agencies and NGOs, that offer counselling and assistance with finding and securing accommodation. Additional services may include social and legal aid to help navigate housing issues, tenant support services, and guidance on reporting discrimination and seeking legal support. 
  • Available housing portals.
  • The obligations of tenants, including rent payments, maintenance, and adherence to house rules.
  • (Optional): the current rental market, including average rental prices, information about certain areas, information on housing availability and demand, regional differences, and accommodation in urban vs. rural areas.
  • (Optional): the minimum housing standards stipulated by law, if applicable.
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Practical tips

  • Use videos and animations or storytelling to explain the right to non-discriminatory accommodation, the different accommodation options, and related facilities.
  • Organise or encourage beneficiaries to participate in housing fairs where they can meet housing providers and support service representatives.