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Access to education for children

Child beneficiaries of international protection have specific rights to education that are protected and outlined by various EU directives and regulations.

The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU) guarantees the right to education for everyone, including the right to compulsory education. This applies to all children, regardless of their legal status, encompassing those under international protection (Article 14 CFREU).

Based on the Convention on the Rights of the Child, States Parties recognise the right of the child to education and must progressively ensure that this right is exercised (Article 28). Additionally, State Parties must take appropriate measures to ensure that a child who is seeking refugee status or who is considered a refugee receives appropriate protection and humanitarian assistance (Article 22).

Member States must grant full access to the education system to all child beneficiaries of international protection under the same conditions as nationals (Article 29(1) Qualification Regulation (QR)). 

Access to education for children should start during their asylum procedure as regulated by the RCD (2024). This directive outlines the right of child applicants for international protection to access the education system under same conditions as nationals of the Member State. It emphasises that access to education should be granted as soon as possible and not be postponed for more than 2 months from the date the application for international protection is lodged (Article 16 RCD (2024)). 

Additionally, it requires that education be integrated with that of Member States’ own nationals, delivered with the same quality and ensured with continuity (recital 48 RCD (2024)).

Once they become beneficiaries of international protection, children ‘shall continue to enjoy equal treatment with nationals of the Member State that granted them international protection for the completion of secondary education irrespective of whether they reach the age of majority’ (Article 29 QR).

For standards applicable to supporting effective access to education during the child’s stay in the reception phase, see the EUAA Operational Standards and Indicators on Reception including Vulnerability-related Aspects, 2026, (Section 5.6 Education, Standards 111-113, p. 149-152). 

Information provision messages

Inform child beneficiaries of international protection about the following: 

  • Education is a universal right for all children. Beneficiaries of international protection are entitled to access the education system under the same conditions as nationals. 
  • Their rights in the educational system, including the right to a safe and inclusive and non-discriminatory learning environment, where all children are protected from harm and treated equally. 
  • Their right to receive support from their parents, adult relatives or representatives during school enrolment and throughout their participation in education.
  • Compulsory schooling obligations: 
    • the minimum age for starting school
    • the levels at which attendance is mandatory (secondary education)
    • the importance of regular participation.
  • Enrolment procedures (e.g. required documentation, school registration steps, participation in language, orientation and preparatory classes). Adapted educational options for children with special needs or in vulnerable situations (e.g. special schools, volunteers who could support with homework, transportation facilities).
  • Available educational resources: 
    • material support (e.g. school supplies, transportation, clothing)
    • digital resources (e.g. online courses)
    • libraries, non-governmental organisations and community centres.
  • Available support services for enrolment and afterschool opportunities, including contact details of the service providers.
  • Children’s responsibilities to attend classes regularly and respect school rules and policies.
  • The availability of the following support and services.
    • Psychosocial support services (e.g. counselling and mental health support) for both parents and children, either within the school system or outside. They are encouraged to seek support if they face difficulties adjusting to the new educational, social or cultural environment or if they experience discrimination.
    • Transportation for children.
    • School supplies.
    • Support groups for parents of children enrolled in school.
  • Available extracurricular activities (e.g. clubs, sports teams, afterschool programmes) and the importance of participating in such activities to build social connections and improve language skills.
  • Financial assistance programmes, grants and scholarships available for child beneficiaries of international protection.

Inform parents and guardians of unaccompanied children about the aspects mentioned above that children should be aware of, with a particular focus on the following: 

  • the importance of mandatory access to education for children
  • their obligation to support their children during school enrolment and throughout their participation in education, including by mediating their relationship with the educational institution. 
  • the enrolment process
  • support and facilities available to children enrolled in education (e.g. transportation, school supplies, afterschool options). 
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Practical tips

  • Organise interactive workshops and Q&A sessions for children. Consider using storytelling, testimonials and role-play to convey messages effectively.
  • Deliver information in multiple formats, such as group sessions for parents, classroom activities or orientation workshops for children, printed leaflets, posters and short videos. This helps ensure everyone can access the information in a manner that is accessible to them. 
  • Develop materials and deliver sessions tailored to different age groups, as the needs of younger children differ from those of older children and adolescents.
  • Inform the parents — where this is in the best interests of the child — about what information has been shared directly with their children, for transparency and consistency.
  • Collaborate with schools and community centres when drafting and delivering information to children. Arrange open school days for child beneficiaries of international protection and their parents to visit local schools, understand the system, receive information and have their questions answered by teachers.